Breaking Down the Banh Mi (Vietnamese sandwich) (2024)

As a traveller in Vietnam, Banh Mi is one of the safer street foods you can enjoy (take a look at our previous blog post for more tips on food safety). Most of the fillings are cooked, cured or pickled and there is no water involved. Banh Mi, which is the name for both the bread and the sandwich, is also the quintessential fusion Vietnamese dish – the ingredients have roots in old Vietnam, French colonial Vietnam, and New World cuisine. Banh Mi is the perfect street food when you arevisiting Vietnam. We encourage you to try this sandwich concoction in Vietnam, at least once. 🙂

That being said, many people find the Banh Mi a little daunting because the fillings and condiments are often things that foreigners can’t find in the food truck back home. Vietnam is definitely a land of exotic foods and Banh Mi fillings are no different, but we want to explain all of the intricacies of the sandwich so that you know exactly what you’re ordering!

It’s All About the Bread

Although they call it a baguette, it’s not your traditional French baguette. The Vietnamese baguette is a combination of French baking and Asian baking. The bread is baked using the classic technique, making the baguette crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. To throw in a bit of Asian flair, the Banh Mi bread is made with half wheat and half rice flour to give it that light and airy feel. The bread is really the vessel that brings all the flavours of this sandwich together so make sure you notice and appreciate the bread when you bite into your Banh Mi!

What’s In It?

The main ingredient list at the Banh Mi cart:

• Cha or Cha Lua (Pork Roll) – Ground pork is rolled and packed into a banana leaf and then steamed or boiled. The roll is then sliced before adding to the sandwich. This is probably one of the most common Banh Mi fillings.
• Thit Nguoi (Cured Cold Cuts) – The literal translation is ‘cold meat’ and that’s exactly what it is. This is a composition of cured pork and fat and cut into class cold cut-type slices.
• Gio Thu (Headcheese) – You may have noticed that pork is an extremely popular meat choice but this particular product might be very unfamiliar to you. Headcheese is a processed product made from tendons, pig ears, skin and other pork head products.
• Thit Nuong (Grilled Meat, usually Pork) – More pork! Marinated pork is grilled and sliced thin.
• Xa Xiu (BBQ Pork) – Small pieces of barbecued pork having a distinct coal smoke flavour. The particular cut of pork varies.
• Bi (Shredded Pork Skin) – This filling can be a bit dry because it’s thinly sliced pork skin. This filling is usually combined with another product.
• Xiu Mai (Meatballs) – Once again, pork. 🙂 These are spiced, ground pork meatballs and have a distinct tomato flavour.
• Nem Nuong (Pork Patties) – These are also ground pork, but shaped into a patty with infused garlic flavours.
• Ga Nuong (Grilled Chicken) – For those who are not a fan of pork, don’t worry – there are other options! This is marinated and grilled chicken, usually chicken thigh.
• Ca Moi (Packed Sardines) – You may notice little red coloured cans at your nearest Banh Mi stand. These are packed sardines in a tomato sauce. They make for a great sandwich filling but they are definitely just out of the can.
• Pate – Pate is extremely popular as a Banh Mi filling and is often combined with other fillings. It can be made from pork, duck or chicken liver.
• Trung Chien or Op La (Fried Eggs) – You will see eggs at a Banh Mi stand quite often. Banh Mi Op La is an extremely popular breakfast snack in Vietnam.

The Filler for Banh Mi

A sandwich isn’t a sandwich without the little something extra that makes all the flavours pop! Here is a list of classic Banh Mi condiments –

• Pate – Yes, pate is also used as a condiment to moisten the sandwich.
• ‘Mayo’ – We put mayo in quotation marks because this isn’t Hellmann’s Mayo out of a jar (although sometimes it is, which is unfortunate). Traditionally, the mayo used in Banh Mi is actually cut with butter to add that melty feel and nutty flavour.
• Fresh Herbs – Most often, it is sprigs of cilantro but other herbs are common as well.
• Pickled Vegetables – Finely shredded or julienned daikon and/or carrots are pickled in a vinegar concoction and add the perfect amount of sour punch to brighten the flavours of the sandwich.
• Chillies – The slices of chillies may be thin but they are quite spicy here!
• Cucumber – Self-explanatory. 🙂
• Soy Sauce – a little dash of it, although some drier fillings like pork skin require a bit more. Don’t be afraid to ask for more if you think it needs it!

Bon Appetit!

We hope you enjoyed this tip on Vietnamese food! To learn more about how you can enjoy Vietnamese delicacies with XO Tours, check out our Foodie Tour!