What Does Baking Soda Do In Cookies? (2024)

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What Does Baking Soda Do In Cookies? (2)

Even the most amateur bakers know one thing to be true: Baking is a science. Leaving out even one ingredient (or using the right ingredients in the wrong amounts) can result in a decidedly un-delicious disaster.

But how, you ask, can baking soda be so important when it looks so unassuming? Here's what you need to know about the tiny-but-mighty leavening agent — and what the heck it's doing in your cookie recipe:

Baking Soda vs. Baking Powder

Baking soda and baking powder are both leavening agents, or ingredients that make baked goods rise. They look almost identical and they have similar purposes, but they are not the same thing and they can't always be used interchangeably.

When baking soda, also called sodium bicarbonate, is combined with an acid (like buttermilk or lemon juice) and a liquid, it produces the carbon dioxide that helps the dough or batter rise.

Baking powder, meanwhile, already contains the sodium bicarbonate and acid it needs to become activated—all it needs is a liquid to produce carbon dioxide. Most recipes that call for baking powder are referring to the double-acting varieties, which react twice in the baking process: Once when it's combined with liquid, and again when the product is heated.

What Does Baking Soda Do In Cookies?

So, if baking soda and baking powder both create carbon dioxide, are they really that different? Yes and no. Baking soda is used in recipes that include one or more acids. When the recipe doesn't include an acid, baking powder is used. A recipe that calls for both ingredients probably contains an acid, but not enough to completely leaven the batter or dough.

Baking soda also serves another important purpose when it comes to cookies: It encourages spreading by raising the mixture's pH, which slows protein coagulation. This gives the dough more time to set before the eggs set, which results in a more evenly baked cookie.

Baking Soda Substitute

Don't try to substitute baking soda in cookie recipes that are quite acidic (like snickerdoodles or lemon crinkles). Substitution works better when you're dealing with something sugar-based and dense (like peanut butter or chocolate chip).

You technically can use baking powder as a baking soda alternative, but you'll need to consider a few factors first:

  • Baking soda is generally about three times stronger than baking powder, so adjust your recipe accordingly.
  • Baking soda and baking powder can produce cookies with different textures. Baking soda is typically used for chewy cookies, while baking powder is generally used for light and airy cookies.
  • Since baking powder is comprised of a number of ingredients (baking soda, cream of tartar, cornstarch, etc.), using it instead of pure baking soda will affect the taste of your cookies.

You can also try potassium bicarbonate, a dietary supplement that is often recommended as a baking soda alternative for people with high sodium levels, as a substitute. If you're not watching your sodium intake, you'll probably want to add a pinch of salt to get the closest flavor match.

Learn more: What's a Good Baking Soda Substitute?

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What Does Baking Soda Do In Cookies? (2024)

FAQs

What Does Baking Soda Do In Cookies? ›

Baking soda also serves another important purpose when it comes to cookies: It encourages spreading by raising the mixture's pH, which slows protein coagulation. This gives the dough more time to set before the eggs set, which results in a more evenly baked cookie.

What happens if you don't put baking soda in cookies? ›

You technically can leave out baking soda in certain recipes (like chocolate chip cookies or pancakes) in a pinch, but you need to understand that your finished product will not be as light and fluffy as the recipe intended.

Why does baking soda make cookies thinner? ›

too much baking soda raises the pH of the dough and this can disrupt the gluten network, leading to thinner cookies with less structure.

What happens if you add too much baking soda to cookies? ›

Using too much baking soda or baking powder can really mess up a recipe, causing it to rise uncontrollably and taste terrible. But don't freak out if you accidentally poured too much baking soda in cookie dough or added too much baking powder to cake batter. Depending on the situation, you might be able to fix it.

What is the secret to chewy cookies? ›

Cornstarch helps product soft and thick cookies. Using more brown sugar than white sugar results in a moister, softer cookie. An extra egg yolk increases chewiness. Rolling the cookie dough balls to be tall and lumpy instead of wide and smooth gives the cookies a bakery-style textured thickness.

Does baking soda make cookies soft or hard? ›

Baking soda is generally about three times stronger than baking powder, so adjust your recipe accordingly. Baking soda and baking powder can produce cookies with different textures. Baking soda is typically used for chewy cookies, while baking powder is generally used for light and airy cookies.

What does cornstarch do to cookies? ›

As Levy Beranbaum writes in The Baking Bible, replacing a little bit of the flour in the dough with cornstarch results in “a more delicate cookie that is also easier to pipe or push through a cookie press.” Adding cornstarch helps tenderize tough gluten, contributing to a softer cookie dough with a finer crumb after ...

What does egg do in cookies? ›

Egg whites entrap more air while contributing more water, encouraging steam and gluten formation: perfect conditions for lean cookies that are thick and puffy. Cakey. Yolks cut the water and throw in fat, hindering both gluten development and aeration, producing cookies that are dense, tender, and rich.

What makes cookies fluffy and not flat? ›

Flour adds fluff and texture to the cookies. Adding too little flour can cause cookies to be flat, greasy, and crispy. Most recipes assume you'll use all-purpose, but if you want a lighter, crumblier cookie texture, choose one with a lower protein content such as cake-and-pastry flour.

What is the most important ingredient in cookies? ›

Fat is a very important ingredient in cookies – it tenderizes, crisps and browns, adds color and a wonderful flavor that is impossible to duplicate. Butter, our fat of choice, ensures good baking results and adds the most desirable taste, texture and appearance.

What causes flat cookies when baking? ›

OVEN IS TOO HOT

If your cookies consistently come out flat, you may have selected the wrong baking temperature. If you bake cookies using too much heat, the fats in the dough begin to melt before the other ingredients can cook together and form your cookie's rise.

How much baking soda should I put in cookies? ›

Good rule of thumb: I usually use around 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda per 1 cup of flour in a recipe. Baking soda CAN leaven a baked good when exposed to heat. However, unless it is neutralized with an acid, your finished baked good will likely have a metallic aftertaste—like I mention above.

Does old baking soda make cookies flat? ›

Yes, baking powder and baking soda can expire! Once they've been opened, it's best to use them within six months, so make sure to check expiration dates before you start baking. Expired leavening agents lose their effectiveness, leading to flat cookies.

Is 1 teaspoon of baking soda too much? ›

Typically, a daily dose of 1/2 teaspoon of baking soda per day is recommended. Too much baking soda may cause diarrhea, stomach disturbances, gas, headaches, nausea, swelling, or vomiting.

What happens if I forgot baking soda? ›

Leaving baking soda out of the cake prevents it from rising, but you can use baking powder as a substitute. Baking soda is a salt that makes food light and fluffy. If you don't have this ingredient at hand, use a baking soda substitute. Without it, your cake won't rise and can turn out flat.

Can you leave out baking soda in sugar cookies? ›

What Happens If You Make Sugar Cookies Without Baking Soda? Baking soda is used in recipes as a leavening agent, which helps cookies to rise. If no other leavening agent is present, your cookies will come out quite dense.

Why do you have to mix baking soda with water for cookies? ›

The recipe for The Best Chocolate Chip Cookies claims that the addition of a small amount of water, “creates steam as [the cookie] bakes, working with the baking soda to puff the cookies up.” Others claim mixing warm water with baking soda helps remove clumps and disperses it with the other ingredients in the recipe.

What can I use instead of baking soda or baking powder? ›

Baking powder is a leavening agent that combines sodium bicarbonate with an acid. If baking powder is unavailable, the following substitutes may be appropriate for your recipe: buttermilk, plain yogurt, molasses, cream of tartar, sour milk, vinegar, lemon juice, club soda, self-rising flour, or whipped egg whites.

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